What Dates Did Sabino Art Glass Mark as Paris

Opalescent Glass

Above: Three opalescent glass fishes made by Sabino, France in the 1930'due south. Summit: 2.v inches

author Angela Yard. Bowey

What is Opalescent Glass?

There are three kinds of drinking glass which are called "Opalescent". Ane is the bluish-tinged semi-opaque or articulate glass with milky opalescence in its centre, typical of Lalique, Sabino, and Jobling'southward. The three tiny fishes higher up evidence this kind of opalescence.

The opalescent color is produced past the slower cooling of the molten glass in those parts which are thick, causing some crystallization inside the glass.

This kind of opalescent drinking glass glows a golden colour when lite shines through from behind it, and a beautiful blue when light shines onto the surface from the front.

Y'all can see this result if you compare these 2 pictures of the aforementioned vase. The picture on the left shows the subtle golden color, caused by the calorie-free shining through from behind.

The fruit and leaves are raised from the surface (the thickest parts of the vase) and they are more than opalescent than the rest of the torso (more than opaque and opal-colored).

In contrast, the moving-picture show on the right shows the same opalescent vase lit from above and in front end, and the colouring appears quite unlike. Opalescent glass of this type appears bluish in reflected light.

This vase was commissioned past Etling, a retail shop in Paris during the 1920's and 30's. Etling had a major event on the style of the fourth dimension and deputed a large number of statuettes and vessels in opalescent pressed glass.

Opalescent Lalique glass is amidst the most valued and sought-after pressed glass today. A single plate tin toll over a thousand dollars. Just in contrast, a piece of opalescent drinking glass by 1 of the lesser known makers can still be found for a fraction of that price.

There is another kind of opalescent glass where a milky white edge or a white raised pattern decorates a coloured pressed glass item.
This opalescent issue is produced by re-heating parts of the molten glass when information technology has only started to cool, and heat-sensitive chemicals in the glass turn the re-heated sections white. The easiest way to do this is to present the newly pressed drinking glass item back to the "glory hole" or furnace entrance, and those parts nearest the heat plow white.

Davidson's of England were 1 of the major manufacturers of this kind of opalescent glass, giving their version the name "Pearline".
In that location were many factories in the USA where this kind of opalescent glass was made during the period 1880 to 1920 (Hobbs, Brockunier; US Glass; Northwood; Fenton; and others). A few (Fenton, for case) were however making like opalescent glass in this current century.

You tin see from the lemon opalescent sugar, cream and butter dish set above (made by Davidson's around 1896), that the amount of white edging varied considerably, depending on how close and for how long the item was reheated. We have an article about Davidson'south glass on this site if yous would like to know more nearly that visitor and its glass. The URL (web accost) is http://www.glass.co.nz/Davidson.htm.

Not all opalescent glass was pressed. There were some beautiful pieces fabricated my Louis Condolement Tiffany and Harry Northwood and others which were manus blown into molds that created a raised pattern to which heat was applied.
Tiffany chosen this kind of glass "Opalescent Optic" or "Opalescent Reactive".

The piddling vase on the left is the kind which might take been made by Tiffany or Northwood or ane of their contemporaries around 1895 to1905.

This third kind of opalescent glass is normally fabricated from ii layers of drinking glass. The outer layer independent heat reactive components such every bit bone ash. The 2-layered slice was blown into a mould with the raised pattern impressed into the metallic.

Afterward removing the mold, the piece had a raised design comprised largely of heat sensitive drinking glass, which turned milky white when reheated.

These paw blown opalescent pieces from the art nouveau menstruum are also highly valued, highly priced, and difficult to find today.

Returning to the French way of opalescent glass, Rene Lalique, like Emile Galle and Louis Condolement Tiffany, was a jeweler and designer before he turned to drinking glass.

His aim as a glass maker was to produce high quality drinking glass using industrial techniques and some mass production.

Even so his pieces were expensive in their day. The 1934 catalogue lists several items over k francs, and i vase (Nadica) cost 3500 francs.

Lalique fabricated table ware, like the plate on the right, vases, statuettes, all kinds of small drinking glass items, and his very famous car mascots. These were made in several colours besides equally clear and opalescent.

Rene Lalique's designs were vivid in their creativity and suitability for bringing out the special features of glass equally a medium. The "Lys" bowl, pictured left and below, for case, uses the stems from four flowers to class the legs.

These in plow highlight the opalescence in the drinking glass because they form the thickest department.

All of these designs were converted into metal molds by a Paris mould-maker named Franckhauser, who produced the molds for almost all the major manufacturers of opalescent drinking glass in France in the 1920'south and 30's.

This included Marius East. Sabino, the Etling commissions, and the work of Pierre D'Avesn. It has been said that these other French glass makers were imitators of Lalique.

Even if this is true, their piece of work is beautiful in its own right, especially some of their opalescent pieces.

The platter on the left was fabricated past Pierre D'Avesn. It is peculiarly interesting considering the background has been deliberately made thick.

The design, in intaglio on the back of the plate, makes the lotus bloom heads the thinnest part, and therefore the to the lowest degree opalescent. This platter is almost half an inch thick.

Lalique and the other French glass makers were so successful with high quality pressed glass, that the firm of James A. Jobling, in England, sought a franchise to brand and sell French art drinking glass under license in England.

Lalique was not interested, Sabino wanted besides much money, and and then in 1934 Joblings analysed the constituents of opalescent glass, commissioned Franckhauser to make some molds, ran an in-house competition amongst staff for new designs, and launched their own serial of coloured and opalescent quality pressed glass in 1934.

They produced some cute pieces and sold them for a fraction of the price of Lalique. The catalogue price (wholesale, admittedly) for the bird design basin on the right was eighteen shillings per dozen.

Even and so, the venture was a failure. They started too late, when the depression was already first to bite. And production was ended with the advent of the 2d Globe War in 1939.
Several of the factories which made opalescent glass in the art Deco period are withal operating today.

Lalique still brand many of the same pieces from the same (presumably renewed) molds. Sabino have moved to the Us but are still producing high quality pressed glass. And Joblings are withal operating in the North E of England, at present as a partition of Corning Glass, and primarily making Pyrex ware.

Left: Miniature cockerel by Sabino, 3 inches high.

From a collectors betoken of view, there is little danger of mistaking the original fine art Deco opalescent glass with today'southward production. Lalique changed the signature on their glass when Rene Lalique died in 1945. If a piece of drinking glass is marked "R. Lalique" then information technology is from the life-time of Rene, pre-1945 (unless it is a forgery, and there are some of these).
In addition today'south Lalique production is generally in articulate glass, sometimes in coloured glass, and rarely if always, in opalescent.

In that location are very few factories making opalescent glass today.

Partly this is because of the level of technical difficulty, and partly because of the poisonous nature of some of the ingredients (typically including traces of arsenic).

Correct: modest vase by Sabino, approximately 5 inches.

The table below bear witness some typical mixtures for the ingredients of opalescent drinking glass. The ranges relate specifically to the differences between typical French constituents and some of Joblings constituents.

• 66.6% to 67.02% sand
• eight.5% to eight.66% potassium oxide (potash)
• 9.ix% to 10.02% sodium oxide (soda ash)
• three% to 3.xiv% lead oxide
• 4.58% to five.two% calcium oxide (quicklime)
• ane.3% to i.31% aluminium trioxide (alumina)
• 3.87% to 4.37% phosphorus pentoxide
• 0.16% to 0.eighteen sulphur trioxide
• 0.09% to 0 .1% chlorine
• 0.iv% to 0.45% fluorine
• 0.04% manganese dioxide
• 0.19% to 0.66% arsenic trioxide (white arsenic)
• trace cobalt oxide (cobalt)

Above: Jobling's Oyster Beat out design, 1934

All of the pressed drinking glass described in this article is marked with the manufacturers name and/or a registration number which identifies the manufacturer and the date.

If you are looking for opalescent glass, you can usually observe pieces on offer on ebay. Click Opalescent Glass to see examples.

You could besides cheque out our Recommended Books on Glass.

I hope you savour this article as much as I enjoyed writing it. If you did, then you will probably also savor Neb Edwards' Encyclopedia of Opalescent Glass and the other books beneath. But click on a book embrace to find out more than.

Drinking glass Museum Articles on Glass

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• Art Drinking glass past Peter Viesnik
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• Auckland Drinking glass Bottle Company, New Zealand
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• Books on Drinking glass
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• Davidson'due south English Pressed Glass
• Debbie Tarsitano - Main Drinking glass Artist
• English Apothecary Drinking glass Vials past David W. Barker
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• Identifying Paul Ysart Drinking glass Paperweights past KevH
• John Deacons and the Scottish Glass Paperweight Tradition
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• Just Drinking glass: an introduction
• Leerdam Glass by Ivo Haanstra
• Making of a Gilt Ruby Glass Vase at Gibraltar
• Me and My Glass
• Mercury Glass - Silver Glass from Europe
• New Zealand Glass book by Angela Bowey
• New Zealand Glass History
• Opalescent Glass
• Orrefors Swedish Glass by Bill Geary
• Overshot Glass: past Southward & A Weitman
• Peachblow Glass by Johanna Billings
• Peter Raos gimmicky art glass
• Pressed Glass in Post State of war Uk by Angela Bowey
• Rough Surfaces on Drinking glass, - stipled, crackled, or frosted?
• Schneider Drinking glass by Thomas Karman
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• Whitefriars Glassworks and Powell Glass
• WMF Glass by Ivo Haanstra
• Links to useful and interesting glass sites
• The Drinking glass Marketplace Place
• Recommended books on glass
• Useful searches for finding your favourite glass
• Back to the Drinking glass Museum habitation folio

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Data most Pirelli Drinking glass!
A new book on Pirelli Glass. This is the 2nd part of the London Lampworkers Trilogy roofing Pirelli Drinking glass.

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INFORMATION well-nigh New Zealand Drinking glass ! Including many original itemize pictures and dozens of photographs. NOW available - this is the start paperback edition of the volume and it covers many contemporary New Zealand glass artists besides every bit the history of glass in New Zealand, Crown Crystal Glass and New Zealand bottles. Cost U.s.$29.ninety plus pp.

Information almost Bagley Glass! The 1st and 2nd editions of this book sold out in a few months. The 3rd Edition is now available and has received a rave response - more information, more and better pictures, new items identified as Bagley for the first fourth dimension, a helpful index, and more compehensive coverage; - and even meliorate news - the price is lower! This book is a truly comprehensive guide to help you place Bagley Glass. Click on the picture for more than details. 3rd Edition book US$33.ninety plus pp.

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